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The Myth of Vayu, the Dual-Faced Deity
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Mahmoud Jafari Dehaghi   |
| tehran univercity |
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Abstract: (93 Views) |
Vayu (or Vāyu) is an ancient Indo-Iranian deity with a significant role in the mythology of both cultures. Vayu holds a prominent position in Indo-Iranian myths. In Indian mythology, Vayu is associated with Indra and considered one of the Devas. However, in Iranian mythology, Vayu is seen as a companion and supporter of Ahura Mazda in the act of creation. In the Avesta, Vayu is held in high esteem, and Yasht 15, known as "Rām Yasht," is dedicated to his praise. In this Yasht, even Ahura Mazda and other deities appeal to Vayu to fulfill their desires and needs.
Nevertheless, in Pahlavi texts, Vayu is divided into two distinct entities: Good Vayu, or Vāyu Dirang-Khwadāy, symbolizing benevolence and a supporter of Ahura Mazda’s creation, and Evil Vayu, or Astō-Vidhādh, who represents the demon of death and is a symbol of malevolence.
This study examines the rationale behind this dualistic division and aims to analyze the role and position of this deity in Iranian mythology as well as its transformation over time. Based on evidence from the Avesta and Pahlavi texts, this duality appears to reflect the Zoroastrian cosmological worldview, which is characterized by the confrontation between forces of good and evil. Furthermore, the connection of this duality to concepts such as Zoroastrian dualism and similar divisions among other deities, like Spenta Mainyu and Angra Mainyu, is explored.
On the other hand, this article demonstrates that in the Avesta, Vayu not only embodies unparalleled power but also performs a dual role: as a beneficent deity on one hand and as a force bringing death and destruction on the other. This duality is articulated more explicitly in Pahlavi literature, where Good Vayu is depicted as the ally of the righteous, while Evil Vayu is identified as the god of death and annihilation.
The findings of this research reveal that Vayu, as a dualistic deity, symbolizes the complexities of ancient Iranian beliefs regarding creation and the conflict between good and evil forces. This duality reaches its pinnacle in Zoroastrian thought, particularly in Parthian and Sasanian-era texts, reflecting the efforts of Iranians to interpret the relationship between the material and spiritual worlds. |
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| Keywords: Good Vayu, Evil Vayu, Ahura Mazda, Astō-Vidhādh, Dualism |
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Full-Text [PDF 653 kb]
(51 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/02/6 | Accepted: 2024/11/30
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